More Than 200 Conjunctions in British English
Importance of Learning Conjunctions in British English
Conjunctions are essential components of the English language that serve to connect words, phrases, or clauses, helping to create clear and meaningful sentences. In British English, understanding conjunctions is particularly important for maintaining proper grammar, improving writing coherence, and enhancing verbal communication.
Firstly, conjunctions contribute to sentence fluency. Whether coordinating ideas with “and”, “but”, or “or”, or introducing dependent clauses with “although”, “because”, or “while”, they help avoid choppy or disjointed language. This is especially vital in formal writing and academic contexts, where British English norms emphasise structure, clarity, and logical flow.
Secondly, mastering conjunctions allows speakers and writers to express complex thoughts more effectively. For example, using subordinating conjunctions like “since”, “unless”, and “even though” enables individuals to convey cause and effect, contrast, and conditions accurately—skills that are crucial in professional, educational, and social settings.
Furthermore, correct use of conjunctions reflects a sound understanding of English grammar. British English often adheres to traditional rules more strictly than some other variants, such as American English. For instance, avoiding starting formal sentences with coordinating conjunctions like “And” or “But” is still considered preferable in many British academic and professional circles.
In conclusion, learning conjunctions is fundamental for anyone aiming to communicate effectively in British English. It enhances grammar, supports logical expression, and ensures a polished, fluent command of the language.
Here are more than 200 Conjunctions in British English:
| More Than 200 Conjunctions in British English | ||||
| Sr. No. | Coordinating Conjunctions | |||
| (Used to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance) | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 1 | and | /ænd/ | Adds one idea to another | She bought apples and oranges. |
| 2 | but | /bʌt/ | Contrasts two ideas | He tried hard but failed. |
| 3 | or | /ɔː/ | Presents an alternative | Would you like tea or coffee? |
| 4 | nor | /nɔː/ | Adds a negative idea | He didn’t speak, nor did he write. |
| 5 | so | /səʊ/ | Shows cause and effect | It was raining, so we stayed indoors. |
| 6 | yet | /jet/ | Indicates contrast | She’s tired, yet she keeps working. |
| 7 | for | /fɔː/ | Gives a reason (formal) | He stayed home, for he was unwell. |
| Subordinating Conjunctions | ||||
| (Used to link a dependent clause to an independent clause) | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 8 | although | /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ | Concession | Although it was cold, we went out. |
| 9 | because | /bɪˈkɒz/ | Shows reason | She left because she was tired. |
| 10 | since | /sɪns/ | Time or reason | I haven’t seen her since Monday. |
| 11 | unless | /ʌnˈlɛs/ | Condition | You won’t pass unless you study. |
| 12 | while | /waɪl/ | Time or contrast | I worked while she rested. |
| 13 | before | /bɪˈfɔː/ | Time | Finish this before you leave. |
| 14 | after | /ˈɑːftə/ | Time | We went out after the show. |
| 15 | though | /ðəʊ/ | Concession | Though tired, he kept going. |
| 16 | even though | /ˈiːvən ðəʊ/ | Strong concession | Even though he tried, he failed. |
| 17 | if | /ɪf/ | Condition | If it rains, we’ll cancel. |
| 18 | as | /æz/ | Reason or time | As it was late, we left. |
| 19 | when | /wen/ | Time | Call me when you arrive. |
| 20 | once | /wʌns/ | Time | Once you try it, you’ll like it. |
| 21 | whereas | /weəˈræz/ | Contrast | He likes tea, whereas I prefer coffee. |
| 22 | in case | /ɪn keɪs/ | Condition | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
| 23 | as if | /æz ɪf/ | Comparison | He acts as if he owns the place. |
| 24 | as though | /æz ðəʊ/ | Comparison | She sings as though she’s a pro. |
| 25 | so that | /səʊ ðæt/ | Purpose | I explained it so that he understands. |
| 26 | now that | /naʊ ðæt/ | Reason | Now that you’re here, let’s talk. |
| 27 | provided that | /prəˈvaɪdɪd ðæt/ | Condition | You can go, provided that you behave. |
| 28 | even if | /ˈiːvən ɪf/ | Concession | Even if it rains, we’ll go. |
| 29 | as long as | /əz ˈlɒŋ əz/ | Condition | You may go as long as you’re careful. |
| 30 | till | /tɪl/ | Time | Wait till I call you. |
| 31 | until | /ʌnˈtɪl/ | Time | Stay here until I return. |
| Correlative Conjunctions | ||||
| (Used in pairs to join equal elements) | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 32 | either…or | /ˈaɪðə ɔː/ | Choice between two | Either you leave or I will. |
| 33 | neither…nor | /ˈnaɪðə nɔː/ | Negative of both | Neither John nor Jane came. |
| 34 | both…and | /bəʊθ ænd/ | Adds two elements | Both the cat and dog were quiet. |
| 35 | not only…but also | /nɒt ˈəʊnli bʌt ˈɔːlsəʊ/ | Emphasis | Not only tired but also hungry. |
| 36 | whether…or | /ˈwɛðə ɔː/ | Doubt or choice | Whether he comes or not, we’ll start. |
| 37 | just as…so | /dʒʌst æz səʊ/ | Comparison | Just as I suspected, so it happened. |
| 38 | no sooner…than | /nəʊ ˈsuːnə ðæn/ | Immediate sequence | No sooner had I arrived than he left. |
| 39 | as much…as | /æz mʌtʃ æz/ | Equality | I love you as much as ever. |
| 40 | rather…than | /ˈrɑːðə ðæn/ | Preference | I’d rather walk than wait. |
| 41 | the more…the more | /ðə mɔː ðə mɔː/ | Proportional | The more you read, the more you know. |
| Other Conjunctions (Lesser-Known & Advanced Use) | ||||
| Sr. No. | Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example |
| 42 | all except | /ɔːl ɪkˈsɛpt/ | All but | All except John arrived. |
| 43 | after that | /ˈɑːftə ðæt/ | Then; subsequently | We ate, and after that, we went home. |
| 44 | as far as | /æz fɑːr æz/ | To the extent that | As far as I know, it’s true. |
| 45 | at which time | /æt wɪtʃ taɪm/ | When | He arrived at six, at which time we left. |
| 46 | before which | /bɪˈfɔː wɪtʃ/ | Prior to something | They had a meeting, before which they reviewed notes. |
| 47 | but for the fact that | /bʌt fɔː ðə fækt ðæt/ | Except that | We would have won but for the fact that he was injured. |
| 48 | by the time | /baɪ ðə taɪm/ | When something happens | By the time we arrived, it was over. |
| 49 | consequently that | /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli ðæt/ | So that (formal) | He missed the bus, consequently that he arrived late. |
| 50 | despite the fact that | /dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðæt/ | Even though | Despite the fact that it rained, we played. |
| 51 | during which | /ˈdjʊərɪŋ wɪtʃ/ | At that time | They fought a battle, during which many fell. |
| 52 | earlier than | /ˈɜːliə ðæn/ | Before | Finish earlier than you usually do. |
| 53 | even granting that | /ˈiːvən ˈɡrɑːntɪŋ ðæt/ | Although accepting | Even granting that you are tired, stay awake. |
| 54 | every time that | /ˈɛvri taɪm ðæt/ | Whenever | Every time that it rains, the roof leaks. |
| 55 | far from that | /fɑː frəm ðæt/ | Rather the opposite | He’s far from lazy; far from that, he’s a workaholic. |
| 56 | forasmuch as that | /fɔːrəzmʌtʃ æz ðæt/ | Because (legal, archaic) | Forasmuch as that he confessed, he was pardoned. |
| 57 | forthwith when | /fɔːθˈwɪθ wen/ | Immediately when | He must report forthwith when summoned. |
| 58 | hence that | /hɛns ðæt/ | Thus (formal) | He was injured, hence that he withdrew. |
| 59 | however much | /haʊˈɛvə mʌtʃ/ | No matter how much | However much you plead, he won’t agree. |
| 60 | if it should be that | /ɪf ɪt ʃʊd biː ðæt/ | If (formal) | If it should be that he fails, we’ll support him. |
| 61 | immediately that | /ɪˈmiːdiətli ðæt/ | As soon as | Immediately that he saw her, he smiled. |
| 62 | in consequence of | /ɪn ˈkɒnsɪkwəns əv/ | Because of | He resigned in consequence of pressure. |
| 63 | inasmuch that | /ɪnəzˈmʌtʃ ðæt/ | Since (rare usage) | He’s reliable, inasmuch that he always calls. |
| 64 | insofar as | /ɪnsəʊˈfɑːr æz/ | To the extent | It’s correct, insofar as we understand it. |
| 65 | lest it be that | /lɛst ɪt biː ðæt/ | For fear that | Hide, lest it be that you are seen. |
| 66 | much as | /mʌtʃ æz/ | Although | Much as I admire him, I disagree. |
| 67 | no sooner than | /nəʊ ˈsuːnə ðæn/ | Immediately after | No sooner than he arrived, it started raining. |
| 68 | notwithstanding the fact that | /nɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ ðə fækt ðæt/ | Although | Notwithstanding the fact that she’s young, she’s wise. |
| 69 | now that | /naʊ ðæt/ | Since | Now that you’re here, let’s begin. |
| 70 | provided only that | /prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈəʊnli ðæt/ | If and only if | You may go, provided only that you finish work. |
| 71 | save that | /seɪv ðæt/ | Except that (literary) | It was quiet, save that the wind howled. |
| 72 | scarcely when | /ˈskɑːsli wen/ | Almost immediately | Scarcely when we started, the rain came. |
| 73 | seeing that | /ˈsiːɪŋ ðæt/ | Because | Seeing that you are ready, let’s proceed. |
| 74 | shortly after | /ˈʃɔːtli ˈɑːftə/ | Soon after | Shortly after they met, they became friends. |
| 75 | so that not only | /səʊ ðæt nɒt ˈəʊnli/ | To create dual effects | He studied hard so that not only he, but all benefited. |
| 76 | straight away when | /streɪt əˈweɪ wen/ | Immediately when | Call me straight away when you know. |
| 77 | subsequently that | /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli ðæt/ | Afterwards (formal) | He left, subsequently that she followed. |
| 78 | supposing that | /səˈpəʊzɪŋ ðæt/ | If | Supposing that he fails, what then? |
| 79 | thereby that | /ˈðɛəbaɪ ðæt/ | Because of that | He confessed, thereby that he was forgiven. |
| 80 | thereafter that | /ðɛəˈrɑːftə ðæt/ | Afterward | She finished school, thereafter that she travelled. |
| 81 | though even | /ðəʊ ˈiːvən/ | Even though | Though even knowing the risks, he persisted. |
| 82 | till such time as | /tɪl sʌtʃ taɪm æz/ | Until | Stay till such time as I return. |
| 83 | until when | /ʌnˈtɪl wen/ | Until the point | Wait until when you are called. |
| 84 | where it be that | /weər ɪt biː ðæt/ | If (rare/archaic) | Where it be that he refuses, try again. |
| 85 | whensoever | /wenˌsəʊˈɛvə/ | Whenever (literary) | Whensoever you are ready, speak. |
| 86 | wherever that | /weərˈɛvə ðæt/ | Anywhere that | Wherever that he goes, trouble follows. |
| 87 | whilst that | /waɪlst ðæt/ | While (formal/literary) | He read whilst that she cooked. |
| 88 | yet that | /jɛt ðæt/ | Although (literary) | It is harsh, yet that it must be done. |
| 89 | albeit albeit | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt ɔːlˈbiːɪt/ | Repetition for emphasis (very literary) | Albeit, albeit with some hesitation, he agreed. |
| 90 | otherwise than that | /ˈʌðəwaɪz ðæn ðæt/ | Except that | He never acted otherwise than that duty demanded. |
| 91 | albeit that | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt ðæt/ | Although | Albeit that it was late, he stayed. |
| 92 | on account of | /ɒn əˈkaʊnt əv/ | Because of | The match was cancelled on account of rain. |
| 93 | in that | /ɪn ðæt/ | Because | The theory is flawed in that it lacks evidence. |
| 94 | albeit though | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt ðəʊ/ | Even though (rare/literary) | Albeit though injured, he competed. |
| 95 | be that as it may | /biː ðæt æz ɪt meɪ/ | Nevertheless | Be that as it may, we must continue. |
| 96 | all the while | /ɔːl ðə waɪl/ | During the entire time | She smiled all the while he scolded her. |
| 97 | inasmuch as | /ɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/ | Because or to the extent | He’s guilty, inasmuch as he lied. |
| 98 | in the event that | /ɪn ði ɪˈvɛnt ðæt/ | If | In the event that it rains, stay inside. |
| 99 | considering that | /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðæt/ | Given that | Considering that it’s new, it works well. |
| 100 | notwithstanding that | /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ ðæt/ | Even though | Notwithstanding that he apologised, she was hurt. |
| 101 | assuming that | /əˈsjuːmɪŋ ðæt/ | If/supposing | Assuming that all goes well, we’ll leave tomorrow. |
| 102 | if it be that | /ɪf ɪt biː ðæt/ | If (very formal) | If it be that you change your mind, write to me. |
| 103 | in pursuit of | /ɪn pəˈsjuːt əv/ | As a result of seeking | He acted in pursuit of justice. |
| 104 | so that not | /səʊ ðæt nɒt/ | To prevent | He left early so that not everyone would see. |
| 105 | albeit in part | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt ɪn pɑːt/ | Partially though | He was responsible, albeit in part. |
| 106 | in order not to | /ɪn ˈɔːdə nɒt tuː/ | To avoid | He slowed down in order not to crash. |
| 107 | except that | /ɪkˈsɛpt ðæt/ | But | Everything was perfect, except that it rained. |
| 108 | even as | /ˈiːvən æz/ | While or just as | Even as he spoke, the door opened. |
| 109 | whereafter | /weərˈɑːftə/ | After which (legal/formal) | He confessed, whereafter the trial proceeded. |
| 110 | whereagainst | /weərəˈɡɛnst/ | Against which (archaic/legal) | The law whereagainst they rebelled. |
| 111 | whereas that | /weəˈræz ðæt/ | While (literary) | He laughed, whereas that she cried. |
| 112 | in the light of the fact that | /ɪn ðə laɪt əv ðə fækt ðæt/ | Because | In the light of the fact that it’s late, we should go. |
| 113 | in contrast to the fact that | /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst tuː ðə fækt ðæt/ | Opposite to | In contrast to the fact that she’s shy, he’s bold. |
| 114 | owing to | /ˈəʊɪŋ tuː/ | Because of | Trains were cancelled owing to fog. |
| 115 | failing that | /ˈfeɪlɪŋ ðæt/ | If that doesn’t happen | Meet me at noon. Failing that, call me. |
| 116 | lest | /lɛst/ | To avoid something | He ran, lest he be late. |
| 117 | albeit | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/ | Although (formal) | It was a good idea, albeit risky. |
| 118 | whether | /ˈwɛðə/ | Indicates choice | I’m unsure whether to go or stay. |
| 119 | whereby | /weəˈbaɪ/ | By which (formal) | A system whereby errors are reduced. |
| 120 | that | /ðæt/ | Reason or result | I believe that it is true. |
| 121 | in order that | /ɪn ˈɔːdə ðæt/ | Purpose | We practise in order that we improve. |
| 122 | so as to | /səʊ æz tuː/ | Purpose | He ran so as to catch the bus. |
| 123 | assuming that | /əˈsjuːmɪŋ ðæt/ | Hypothesis | Assuming that it rains, we’ll stay. |
| 124 | given that | /ˈɡɪvən ðæt/ | Condition/assumption | Given that he’s ill, he’s doing well. |
| 125 | albeit that | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt ðæt/ | Although (formal) | Albeit that she was tired, she smiled. |
| 126 | as per | /æz pə/ | According to | As per the rules, he was disqualified. |
| 127 | only if | /ˈəʊnli ɪf/ | Strict condition | You can join only if you’re early. |
| 128 | as well as | /æz wɛl æz/ | In addition | He sings as well as dances. |
| 129 | inasmuch as | /ɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/ | To the extent that | He’s honest, inasmuch as I know. |
| 130 | by the time | /baɪ ðə taɪm/ | Time | By the time we arrived, it was over. |
| 131 | as far as | /æz fɑːr æz/ | Extent or limit | As far as I know, it’s correct. |
| 132 | as soon as | /æz suːn æz/ | Immediate time | Call me as soon as you can. |
| 133 | so long as | /səʊ lɒŋ æz/ | Condition | You can stay so long as you help. |
| 134 | in that | /ɪn ðæt/ | Because | It’s odd in that it defies logic. |
| Formal and Literary Conjunctions | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 135 | albeit | /ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/ | Although | The plan was sound, albeit ambitious. |
| 136 | however | /haʊˈɛvə/ | Contrast | He was tired; however, he continued. |
| 137 | nevertheless | /ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs/ | In spite of that | It rained; nevertheless, we went hiking. |
| 138 | notwithstanding | /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/ | Despite | Notwithstanding the delay, we arrived early. |
| 139 | whereupon | /ˌweərəˈpɒn/ | As a result of which | He refused, whereupon she left. |
| 140 | whereby | /weəˈbaɪ/ | By which | A law whereby taxes are raised. |
| 141 | wherein | /weərˈɪn/ | In which | The case wherein he was found guilty. |
| 142 | whereof | /weərˈɒv/ | Of which | The reasons whereof he spoke are unclear. |
| 143 | whence | /wɛns/ | From where | He returned whence he came. |
| 144 | whither | /ˈwɪðə/ | To where | Whither goest thou, traveller? |
| Phrasal Conjunctions | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 145 | for fear that | /fɔː fɪə ðæt/ | To avoid something | She whispered for fear that he might hear. |
| 146 | as if to say | /æz ɪf tuː seɪ/ | Suggesting something | He raised a hand, as if to say stop. |
| 147 | in order that | /ɪn ˈɔːdə ðæt/ | Purpose | He spoke slowly in order that we understand. |
| 148 | so as not to | /səʊ æz nɒt tuː/ | Avoiding something | He tiptoed so as not to wake the baby. |
| 149 | in so far as | /ɪn səʊ fɑːr æz/ | To the extent that | The claim is valid in so far as it’s provable. |
| 150 | just so that | /dʒʌst səʊ ðæt/ | With a specific intent | He lied just so that he wouldn’t get punished. |
| 151 | even supposing | /ˈiːvən səˈpəʊzɪŋ/ | Hypothetical | Even supposing she agrees, we still lack proof. |
| 152 | inasmuch as | /ɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/ | Because | He’s to blame, inasmuch as he ignored the warning. |
| 153 | with the result that | /wɪð ðə rɪˈzʌlt ðæt/ | Consequence | He refused help, with the result that he failed. |
| 154 | on the condition that | /ɒn ðə kənˈdɪʃən ðæt/ | Requirement | You may go, on the condition that you return early. |
| Time and Sequence Conjunctions | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 155 | whenever | /wenˈɛvə/ | At any time | Come whenever you’re ready. |
| 156 | while yet | /waɪl jet/ | Even though | While yet a child, he showed brilliance. |
| 157 | as soon as | /æz suːn æz/ | Immediate time | Call me as soon as you arrive. |
| 158 | by the time | /baɪ ðə taɪm/ | Before a deadline | By the time we arrived, it had started. |
| 159 | the moment | /ðə ˈməʊmənt/ | Instantly | I left the moment I heard the news. |
| 160 | till such time as | /tɪl sʌtʃ taɪm æz/ | Until | Wait here till such time as we call you. |
| 161 | as early as | /æz ˈɜːli æz/ | By a specific time | She arrived as early as 6 a.m. |
| 162 | as late as | /æz leɪt æz/ | Even at a late hour | They worked as late as midnight. |
| 163 | at the same time as | /æt ðə seɪm taɪm æz/ | Simultaneously | He was promoted at the same time as her. |
| 164 | ever since | /ˈɛvə sɪns/ | From then till now | He’s been quiet ever since the event. |
| Cause and Effect Conjunctions | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 165 | as a result | /æz ə rɪˈzʌlt/ | Outcome | He failed; as a result, he had to retake. |
| 166 | owing to the fact that | /ˈəʊɪŋ tuː ðə fækt ðæt/ | Because | We stayed in owing to the fact that it rained. |
| 167 | due to the fact that | /djuː tuː ðə fækt ðæt/ | Because | The event was cancelled due to the fact that no one registered. |
| 168 | because of this | /bɪˈkɒz əv ðɪs/ | Therefore | She was sick; because of this, she stayed in bed. |
| 169 | seeing that | /ˈsiːɪŋ ðæt/ | Since | Seeing that it’s late, let’s stop here. |
| 170 | in consequence | /ɪn ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ | As a result | He lied; in consequence, he lost trust. |
| 171 | for this reason | /fɔː ðɪs ˈriːzn/ | Therefore | I am tired. For this reason, I’m going home. |
| 172 | so much so that | /səʊ mʌtʃ səʊ ðæt/ | To such extent | She trained hard, so much so that she won. |
| 173 | hence | /hɛns/ | Therefore (formal) | He was careless; hence the mistake. |
| 174 | thus | /ðʌs/ | As a result (formal) | She missed the train; thus, she was late. |
| Conditional Conjunctions | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 175 | if only | /ɪf ˈəʊnli/ | Hypothetical wish | If only I had more time. |
| 176 | whether or not | /ˈwɛðə ɔː nɒt/ | Regardless | We’re going whether or not it rains. |
| 177 | so long as | /səʊ lɒŋ æz/ | On the condition | So long as you behave, you can stay. |
| 178 | provided | /prəˈvaɪdɪd/ | On condition | I’ll help, provided you ask nicely. |
| 179 | supposing that | /səˈpəʊzɪŋ ðæt/ | Hypothesis | Supposing that he comes, what then? |
| 180 | only if | /ˈəʊnli ɪf/ | Strict condition | You’re allowed only if you’re over 18. |
| 181 | even if | /ˈiːvən ɪf/ | Concession | Even if I fail, I’ll try again. |
| 182 | unless and until | /ʌnˈlɛs ənd ʌnˈtɪl/ | Condition + time | You won’t go unless and until it’s ready. |
| 183 | assuming | /əˈsjuːmɪŋ/ | Supposition | Assuming he agrees, we can proceed. |
| 184 | whether…or not | /ˈwɛðə ɔː nɒt/ | Conditional doubt | Whether he helps or not, we’ll try alone. |
| Contrast and Comparison Conjunctions | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 185 | in contrast | /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst/ | Comparison | In contrast to her, he’s shy. |
| 186 | on the other hand | /ɒn ði ˈʌðə hænd/ | Opposite view | He’s firm; on the other hand, he’s fair. |
| 187 | while at the same time | /waɪl æt ðə seɪm taɪm/ | Simultaneous contrast | He’s strict while at the same time supportive. |
| 188 | just as | /dʒʌst æz/ | Similarity | Just as we feared, it failed. |
| 189 | by comparison | /baɪ kəmˈpærɪsən/ | Differentiation | She’s quiet by comparison to her sister. |
| 190 | as opposed to | /æz əˈpəʊzd tuː/ | Instead of | I prefer tea as opposed to coffee. |
| 191 | unlike | /ʌnˈlaɪk/ | In contrast to | Unlike his brother, he’s outgoing. |
| 192 | rather than | /ˈrɑːðə ðæn/ | Preference | I’d walk rather than drive. |
| 193 | though | /ðəʊ/ | Concession | He’s strong, though he’s kind. |
| 194 | even still | /ˈiːvən stɪl/ | Unexpected continuation | He failed. Even still, he smiled. |
| Conjunctional Idioms & Rare Constructs | ||||
| Conjunction | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | |
| 195 | that being said | /ðæt ˈbiːɪŋ sɛd/ | However | I admire his skill. That being said, he’s reckless. |
| 196 | for all that | /fɔːr ɔːl ðæt/ | Even so | She was rude—for all that, he remained polite. |
| 197 | as it happens | /æz ɪt ˈhæpənz/ | Surprisingly | As it happens, I do have a pen. |
| 198 | as things stand | /æz θɪŋz stænd/ | Currently | As things stand, we’ll have to wait. |
| 199 | up to the point that | /ʌp tuː ðə pɔɪnt ðæt/ | Until | He was helpful up to the point that it got hard. |
| 200 | in the case that | /ɪn ðə keɪs ðæt/ | If | In the case that she doesn’t come, we’ll call. |
| 201 | unless otherwise | /ʌnˈlɛs ˈʌðəwaɪz/ | Except if different | Unless otherwise stated, meet at noon. |
| 202 | rather as | /ˈrɑːðər æz/ | In the manner of | He worked rather as his father did. |
| 203 | only so that | /ˈəʊnli səʊ ðæt/ | Solely to | He agreed only so that she’d be happy. |
| 204 | in that case | /ɪn ðæt keɪs/ | If so | You’re ready? In that case, let’s begin. |
| 205 | come what may | /kʌm wɒt meɪ/ | No matter what | I’ll be there, come what may. |
| 206 | just because | /dʒʌst bɪˈkɒz/ | Without good reason | Just because it’s hard doesn’t mean it’s wrong. |
| 207 | because of which | /bɪˈkɒz əv wɪtʃ/ | Result | He lied, because of which he was dismissed. |
| 208 | if ever | /ɪf ˈɛvə/ | Whenever possible | If ever you visit, call me. |
| 209 | since then | /sɪns ðɛn/ | From that time | He quit, and since then, we’ve lost touch. |
| 210 | in view of | /ɪn vjuː əv/ | Considering | In view of recent events, we’ve cancelled. |
| 211 | forasmuch as | /ˌfɔːrəzmʌtʃ æz/ | Since (legal) | Forasmuch as it is proven, we sentence him. |
| 212 | for the reason that | /fɔː ðə ˈriːzn ðæt/ | Because | We stayed inside for the reason that it stormed. |
| 213 | except when | /ɪkˈsɛpt wen/ | Unless it happens | I like all fruit, except when it’s sour. |
| 214 | the instant that | /ði ˈɪnstənt ðæt/ | Immediately when | The instant that it rang, he picked up. |
| 215 | seeing as | /ˈsiːɪŋ æz/ | Because (informal) | Seeing as you’re here, let’s begin. |
| 216 | for the sake of | /fɔː ðə seɪk əv/ | To benefit | For the sake of peace, let’s agree. |
| 217 | just provided that | /dʒʌst prəˈvaɪdɪd ðæt/ | Only if | You may go, just provided that you’re quiet. |
10 effective tips to improve your understanding and use of conjunctions in British English
Here are 10 effective tips to improve your understanding and use of conjunctions in British English:
Understand the Types of Conjunctions
Learn the three main types:
- Coordinating conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or)
- Subordinating conjunctions (e.g. because, although, while)
- Correlative conjunctions (e.g. either…or, neither…nor)
Read British English Material Regularly
Read newspapers, magazines, novels, and blogs written in British English (e.g. The Guardian, BBC, etc.) to see how conjunctions are naturally used.
Practice Writing with Conjunctions
Write short essays or diary entries and consciously include a variety of conjunctions to connect your thoughts smoothly.
Avoid Overusing Common Conjunctions
Instead of always using “and” or “but”, try alternatives like “furthermore”, “however”, or “nevertheless” to improve variety and depth in your writing.
Learn Through Examples
Make a list of sentences that use different conjunctions. For example:
- Although it was raining, she went for a walk.
- He wanted tea, but there was none left.
Watch British Shows and Listen to Podcasts
Pay attention to how conjunctions are used in spoken British English, especially in interviews, documentaries, and talk shows.
Take Grammar Quizzes
Use online resources or grammar books focused on British English to test your understanding of conjunctions and get instant feedback.
Understand Punctuation Rules
British English often uses a more formal punctuation style. Learn when to use commas with conjunctions, especially in compound and complex sentences.
Expand Vocabulary Around Conjunctions
Learn phrases and sentence connectors like “as a result”, “in contrast”, “in spite of”, which function similarly to conjunctions and enrich your language.
Get Feedback on Your Writing
Ask teachers, friends, or use online tools to review your writing and suggest improvements, especially in how you link ideas using conjunctions.
By consistently applying these tips, you’ll build a strong command over conjunctions and significantly improve both your spoken and written British English.
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